Lymphoma is a type of cancer that is developed in the lymphatic system, which is a crucial part of the immune system of the body. This system consists of lymph nodes, lymph vessels, the spleen, and the thymus gland. The lymphatic system helps in fighting against infections and diseases. Lymphoma can be hard to diagnose because of various reasons.
Firstly, the symptoms of lymphoma are non-specific and can be similar to other diseases, such as flu or a common cold. The initial symptoms may include fever, night sweats, loss of appetite, and fatigue, which can be caused by several other diseases. Therefore, it is hard to differentiate between the symptoms of lymphoma and those of other diseases, thus making it difficult to diagnose.
Secondly, lymphoma does not develop rapidly and can take several years to surface. The initial symptoms may go unnoticed, and the disease can progress silently. As a result, it becomes more challenging to diagnose the disease in its early stages.
Thirdly, lymphoma can occur in many different parts of the body, and the symptoms may vary depending on the location of the cancer. For instance, if lymphoma affects the lymph nodes in the neck, then there may be swelling in the neck, whereas in case of lymphoma in the spleen, there may be abdominal pain.
Since lymphoma symptoms can vary significantly, it becomes challenging to diagnose the disease in its early stages.
Fourthly, conducting the right tests to diagnose lymphoma is also important. A biopsy, which is a test conducted to remove a piece of tissue for examination by a pathologist, is a common diagnostic tool for lymphoma. However, some types of lymphoma require more invasive tests, such as bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture, or PET scan.
Conducting these tests, however, comes with potential complications and risks, which may make it challenging to diagnose lymphoma.
Lastly, lymphoma is a complex disease, and there are many different types, each with varying symptoms and forms of treatment. Therefore, diagnosing the specific type of lymphoma is crucial for planning appropriate treatment. However, this also makes it challenging to diagnose since differentiating between the several types of lymphomas can be a difficult process.
Lymphoma is challenging to diagnose due to non-specific symptoms, slow progression, and multiple varying types, as well as the potential complications of tests required to diagnose it. Early diagnosis is crucial to effective treatment, and awareness of the symptoms and early testing can help improve the chances of timely diagnosis.
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Why does it take so long to diagnose lymphoma?
There are several reasons why it takes quite some time to diagnose lymphoma, which is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system of the body. Lymphoma is a group of diseases that affect the lymphoid tissue in the body, and it can present itself in different forms, making it sometimes challenging to diagnose.
One significant factor that makes diagnosing lymphoma challenging is that the symptoms of the illness can be mild or non-specific, which means that they can be associated with other conditions. Some typical symptoms of lymphoma include weight loss, fever, night sweats, and swelling of the lymph nodes.
However, these symptoms are not unique to lymphoma, and they can be present in other conditions like infection, autoimmune disorders, or even stress.
Another reason why it takes time to diagnose lymphoma is that the disease can be slow-growing, and it may take some time for symptoms to become apparent. In some cases, lymphoma can be asymptomatic or may exhibit mild symptoms, which can lead to delays in seeking medical attention.
The diagnostic process for lymphoma usually entails a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging, and laboratory tests. Depending on the type of lymphoma, the diagnostic tests may vary, and it may take some time to complete all the tests needed to diagnose the disease accurately.
Some common diagnostic tests for lymphoma include biopsy, blood tests, imaging studies like CT scans and MRIs, and a bone marrow biopsy, among others. These tests take time to perform, and sometimes, more than one round of testing may be needed before a conclusive diagnosis can be made.
The diagnosis of lymphoma can take time due to the non-specific and mild symptoms of the disease, the slow-growing nature of the disease, and the need for multiple diagnostic tests. However, early detection and prompt medical attention can help diagnose lymphoma early and increase the chances of successful treatment.
How long does a lymphoma diagnosis take?
The length of time it takes to receive a lymphoma diagnosis can vary depending on a number of factors, including the patient’s symptoms, the type of lymphoma, and the testing procedures that need to be performed.
In general, the process typically begins with a physical exam and medical history review, during which the doctor will ask about any symptoms the patient is experiencing, such as lumps, fatigue, fever, weight loss, and night sweats. They may also perform blood tests and imaging scans, such as a CT or MRI scan or PET scan, to look for signs of lymphoma.
If these initial tests suggest that the patient may have lymphoma, a biopsy will typically be performed. This involves removing a small sample of tissue from the affected area, such as a lymph node, and examining it under a microscope for signs of cancerous cells. This biopsy may be performed using a needle or through a minor surgical procedure.
Once the biopsy is completed, the sample will need to be analyzed by a pathologist, which can take several days to a week or more. The pathologist will examine the tissue for the presence of lymphoma cells, and will also determine the type and stage of the cancer.
Once the diagnosis has been made, the treatment process can begin, which may involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. The length and complexity of treatment will depend on the patient’s specific type and stage of lymphoma, as well as their overall health and other individual factors.
The time it takes to receive a lymphoma diagnosis can range from a few weeks to several months, depending on the individual circumstances. However, it is important to note that early detection and prompt treatment are key to achieving the best possible outcomes for patients with lymphoma, so if you are experiencing any symptoms that may suggest this condition, it is important to speak with a healthcare professional as soon as possible.
How long does it take to diagnose lymphoma after biopsy?
The time it takes to diagnose lymphoma after biopsy can vary depending on several factors. Generally, it can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks to receive a final diagnosis.
Upon receiving a biopsy, the tissue is sent to a pathology lab for analysis. The pathologist examines the tissue under a microscope to determine if there are any abnormal cells present. They may also use additional tests, such as immunohistochemistry or molecular testing, to confirm the diagnosis.
If the biopsy indicates lymphoma, further testing may be required to determine the specific type and stage of the disease. This may include blood tests, imaging scans, and bone marrow biopsies. The time it takes to complete these tests can also impact the overall timeline of diagnosis.
The speed with which a diagnosis is made may also depend on the availability of specialists and equipment. In some cases, a patient may need to be referred to a more specialized center for diagnosis and treatment.
A timely diagnosis of lymphoma is important to begin treatment as soon as possible. However, the accuracy of the diagnosis is also crucial to ensure the best treatment plan is in place. Thus, the process of diagnosing lymphoma can take time, but it is a necessary step in providing the best possible care.
Why does it take 4 weeks to get biopsy results?
Getting a biopsy is an important step in diagnosing various medical conditions such as cancer, infections, autoimmune diseases, and more. A biopsy involves taking a tissue sample from a patient’s body and sending it to a lab for analysis. The length of time it takes to get biopsy results depends on various factors such as the type of tissue being analyzed, the complexity of the analysis, and the workload of the laboratory.
In general, it takes about 4 weeks to get biopsy results due to several reasons. First, the tissue sample needs to be processed and prepared for analysis. This process involves fixing the tissue in a solution that preserves its cellular structure and preventing it from degrading. This step alone can take several days as the tissue needs to be properly fixed before it can be analyzed.
Once the tissue has been fixed, it is examined by a pathologist who specializes in the diagnosis of diseases. The pathologist will look at the tissue under a microscope to examine its cellular structure, patterns of growth, and other features. This analysis can take time as the pathologist needs to look at the sample carefully to make an accurate diagnosis.
After the pathologist has analyzed the sample, he or she will prepare a report that summarizes their findings. This report will be sent back to the doctor who requested the biopsy. In some cases, the report may need to be reviewed by other medical professionals such as oncologists or infectious disease specialists.
This can add additional time to the review process.
Another factor that can affect how long it takes to get biopsy results is the workload of the laboratory. If the lab is busy processing and analyzing large volumes of samples, it can take longer for your results to be processed. Additionally, some specialized tests may need to be outsourced to other labs, which can add additional time to the analysis process.
It takes about 4 weeks to get biopsy results due to the complexity of the analysis process, the workload of the laboratory, and the need for specialized expertise from medical professionals. Although waiting for biopsy results can be stressful and anxiety-provoking, it is important to remember that accurate diagnosis takes time and precision to ensure the best possible treatment plan for your condition.
Why do lymph node biopsy results take so long?
Lymph node biopsy results take time to come in because they involve multiple processes and professionals that are vital to analyze and interpret the collected data accurately. Biopsies are conducted to diagnose and check for conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections, among others.
Before the diagnosis is confirmed, the samples obtained are subjected to various tests and procedures that require time and expertise.
Firstly, the biopsy samples take time to process. Once the lymph node is removed, it is cut into small pieces and sent to the laboratory to be prepared for analysis. The sample needs to be embedded in wax blocks, sectioned to slices, and placed on glass slides for staining. Processing and preparation of these samples can take several days, depending on the laboratory’s workload.
Secondly, after the samples are prepared, they need to be further analyzed in the laboratory. A pathologist uses a microscope to examine the samples and determine the cell types involved. A pathologist may stain the biopsy samples with different reagents to identify specific cells and abnormalities.
This requires precision, and thus pathologists take time to study the intricate details of the sample.
Thirdly, the biopsy results need to be interpreted by a team of healthcare professionals, including oncologists, hematologists, and other specialists. These professionals review the results and combine them with other diagnostic tests and imaging scans to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. This comprehensive evaluation process takes time to ensure accuracy and to ensure that the patient clearly understands their condition and the best treatment options for their condition.
Furthermore, patient-specific factors can also contribute to the length of time it takes to obtain biopsy results. For example, the location and size of the biopsy site, as well as the patient’s overall health condition, can affect the processing and interpretation of the sample results.
Lymph node biopsy results take time to come in due to the multiple processes involved in preparing, analyzing, and interpreting the samples. Additionally, the medical team needs to assess the results and coordinate with other diagnostic processes to evaluate the patient’s condition accurately. Therefore, it is essential to be patient and allow the medical professionals to take the necessary time to ensure a complete evaluation of the biopsy results.
How does a doctor determine if you have lymphoma?
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is an important part of the immune system. A doctor may suspect lymphoma based on a patient’s symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. However, several tests are usually required to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type and stage of lymphoma.
One of the first tests a doctor may order is a blood test, which can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood, such as a low red blood cell count or elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an enzyme that is released when cancer cells break down.
Another common test for diagnosing lymphoma is a biopsy, which involves the removal of a small sample of tissue from a lymph node or other affected area. The sample is then examined under a microscope by a pathologist, who can determine if cancer cells are present and what type of lymphoma it is.
In some cases, a doctor may recommend imaging tests such as a CT scan, MRI, or PET scan to determine the extent and location of the cancer. These tests can also be used to evaluate treatment response over time.
Once a diagnosis of lymphoma has been confirmed, further tests may be required to determine the stage and extent of the cancer. This can include bone marrow tests to see if the cancer has spread, as well as blood tests to check for certain markers that may affect treatment options.
The process of diagnosing lymphoma can be complex and involve a variety of tests and procedures. However, with advances in medical technology and treatment options, many people with lymphoma are able to receive effective care and achieve good outcomes.
How do you rule out lymphoma?
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that develops when white blood cells called lymphocytes grow and divide uncontrollably. These cells normally help to fight infections, but when they become cancerous, they can form tumors and spread to other parts of the body. The diagnosis of lymphoma can be challenging because the symptoms can be nonspecific and similar to other conditions such as infections or autoimmune diseases.
Therefore, ruling out lymphoma requires a thorough evaluation that may include various tests and imaging studies.
The first step in ruling out lymphoma is to perform a physical exam and take a medical history. During the exam, the doctor may feel for enlarged lymph nodes, check for other signs of illness, and ask about any other symptoms the patient may be experiencing. They may also ask about any family history of cancer or other medical conditions that may increase the risk of developing lymphoma.
After the physical exam and medical history, the doctor may order blood tests to check for abnormal levels of certain substances that may indicate lymphoma. These tests can include a complete blood count (CBC), which measures different types of blood cells, and a blood chemistry test that checks for liver and kidney function, among other things.
A biopsy is often necessary to confirm a lymphoma diagnosis, which involves taking a sample of tissue or fluid from a lymph node or other affected area. This tissue is then examined under a microscope by a pathologist, who can determine whether cancer cells are present.
Imaging studies can also be helpful in ruling out lymphoma by providing detailed pictures of the inside of the body. These tests can include a chest X-ray, a CT scan, or an MRI. Additionally, a PET scan may be ordered to identify areas of the body where the cancer has spread.
Other tests that may be performed include a bone marrow biopsy, which involves taking a small sample of bone marrow to check for cancer cells, or a lumbar puncture (spinal tap), which involves drawing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from around the spinal cord and brain. These tests can help identify whether the lymphoma has spread to these areas.
Ruling out lymphoma requires a comprehensive evaluation that may include a physical exam, medical history, blood tests, imaging studies, and biopsies. These tests help to determine whether cancer is present, the type of lymphoma, the stage of the disease, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
With a proper diagnosis, treatment can be initiated to help manage the cancer and improve the patient’s quality of life.
What tests are done to rule out lymphoma?
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is responsible for fighting infections and diseases. To diagnose lymphoma, doctors use several tests to rule out other conditions and confirm that lymphoma is the cause of the patient’s symptoms. Some of the commonly performed tests to rule out lymphoma are:
1) Blood tests: Blood tests can help rule out other conditions that cause similar symptoms, such as infections or autoimmune disorders. Blood tests can also detect abnormal lymphocyte levels or signs of inflammation.
2) Imaging tests: Imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans, can help detect abnormal growths or masses in the body. These tests can help confirm the presence of lymphoma and determine its extent and stage.
3) Biopsy: A biopsy is the most definitive test for diagnosing lymphoma. In this test, a small sample of tissue is taken from the affected area and examined under a microscope. The biopsy can confirm the presence of lymphoma cells and help determine the type of lymphoma.
4) Bone marrow biopsy: A bone marrow biopsy may also be performed to determine if the lymphoma has spread to the bone marrow. In this test, a small sample of bone marrow is taken and examined under a microscope.
5) Lymph node biopsy: A lymph node biopsy may be performed if a swollen lymph node is present. In this test, a small sample of the lymph node is removed and examined under a microscope.
Several tests are performed to rule out lymphoma, including blood tests, imaging tests, biopsy, bone marrow biopsy, and lymph node biopsy. These tests help confirm the diagnosis of lymphoma and determine its extent and stage, which in turn guides the treatment plan. It’s important to note that early detection is key to successful treatment, and anyone with persistent symptoms should seek medical attention promptly.
Can lymphoma be detected in a blood test?
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the white blood cells within the lymphatic system. It is caused by the abnormal growth of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that protect the body against infections. While a blood test can provide some indications of lymphoma, it is not a definitive way to diagnose the disease.
A common blood test used to determine if someone has lymphoma is a complete blood count (CBC). The CBC looks for abnormalities in the white blood cell count, red blood cell count, and platelet count. In someone with lymphoma, their white blood cell count may be elevated, and abnormal cells may be present in the blood.
However, a CBC alone is not enough to diagnose lymphoma.
Another blood test that can be used to detect lymphoma is a lymphoma-specific antigen test. These tests look for certain proteins that may be present in the blood of someone with lymphoma. For example, the blood may be tested for the presence of the protein beta-2 microglobulin. Elevated levels of this protein may indicate the presence of certain types of lymphoma, such as multiple myeloma.
In addition to blood tests, lymphoma can also be diagnosed through imaging tests such as CT scans or PET scans, as well as through biopsies of affected lymph nodes or other tissues. These tests can provide a clearer picture of the extent and location of the cancer.
While blood tests can provide some useful information when screening for lymphoma, they are not a definitive diagnostic tool. A combination of blood tests, imaging tests, and biopsies is generally needed to confirm a diagnosis of lymphoma. Anyone experiencing symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, or swollen lymph nodes should seek medical attention to determine the cause of their symptoms.
What are the warning signs of lymphoma?
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is responsible for carrying lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, throughout the body to help fight off infections and diseases. Lymphoma occurs when these cells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of tumors in the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues.
The warning signs of lymphoma can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease.
Some of the most common warning signs of lymphoma include:
1. Swollen lymph nodes: This is one of the most common signs of lymphoma. Swollen lymph nodes, often in the neck, armpits, groin, or other areas of the body, may be tender or painless.
2. Fatigue: Unexplained fatigue and tiredness may be a symptom of lymphoma, especially if you are getting enough sleep and still feel exhausted.
3. Night sweats: Excessive sweating, especially at night, can be a symptom of lymphoma. This may be accompanied by fever, which is another symptom of the disease.
4. Unexplained weight loss: Losing weight without trying or making changes to your diet or exercise routine may be a sign of lymphoma.
5. Itching: Persistent itching, especially over the body, can be a symptom of lymphoma.
6. Pain: Pain in the lymph nodes, abdomen, or chest, may be a symptom of lymphoma in its advanced stages.
7. Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity, can be a symptom of lymphoma if it’s located in the chest.
8. Abdominal swelling: Swelling of the abdomen due to an enlarged spleen or liver may be a sign of lymphoma.
9. Generalized weakness: Unexplained weakness can be a symptom of lymphoma, especially if it’s accompanied by other symptoms.
If you experience any of these warning signs, it’s essential to seek medical attention as soon as possible. While lymphoma can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition if left untreated, early diagnosis and treatment can improve your chances of a full recovery.
What labs are abnormal with lymphoma?
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is responsible for carrying lymph throughout the body. The lymphatic system plays a vital role in fighting infections and diseases, and when it is compromised by cancer, the normal functions of the body may be affected.
There are several laboratory tests used to diagnose and monitor lymphoma. Some of the most common lab abnormalities seen in patients with lymphoma include:
– Complete Blood Count (CBC): In lymphoma patients, CBC may show anemia, leukocytosis, or leukopenia. These abnormalities can indicate that the body is struggling to produce enough red and white blood cells and platelets, which can affect overall health.
– Blood chemistry tests: These may show increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which can be indicative of cancerous activity in the body.
– Immunological tests: Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) which are responsible for fighting infections, may be elevated in the case of lymphoproliferative disorders. Certain lab markers, such as CD20 or CD19, can also be used to help diagnose lymphoma or determine its subtype.
– Bone marrow biopsy: In some cases, a bone marrow biopsy may be needed to diagnose lymphoma. This involves removing a small sample of bone marrow cells and examining them under a microscope to look for the presence of abnormal cells or cancerous cells.
It’s important to note that while laboratory tests can be helpful in diagnosing and monitoring lymphoma, they are not definitive. A combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as CT, MRI or PET/CT scans, are necessary to make an accurate diagnosis. If you suspect you may have lymphoma, it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional who can evaluate your symptoms and order necessary tests.
What would a CBC look like with lymphoma?
A CBC or complete blood count is a medical test that evaluates the overall health of an individual by measuring several components of their blood. When it comes to lymphoma, CBC may show certain abnormalities in the components that can be indicative of the disease.
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system responsible for fighting infections and diseases. In most cases of lymphoma, the cancerous cells originate in the lymph nodes and can spread to other parts of the body, including the bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lungs.
In CBC, the following components of blood are assessed:
1. White Blood Cell (WBC) Count: This parameter measures the total number of white blood cells present in the blood. A high WBC count can indicate the presence of an infection or inflammation in the body. However, in some cases of lymphoma, the WBC count can be low, normal, or high depending on the type and stage of the disease.
2. Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count: This parameter measures the total number of red blood cells in the blood. In lymphoma, the RBC count may be low due to anemia caused by the suppression of bone marrow activity by cancerous cells.
3. Hemoglobin (Hb): Hb is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen to various parts of the body. Anemia caused by lymphoma can lead to a low Hb count.
4. Hematocrit (Hct): Hct is the proportion of red blood cells in the blood. A low Hct count can indicate anemia, which is common in lymphoma.
5. Platelet Count: Platelets are small cells in the blood that help in blood clotting. In lymphoma patients, platelet count may be low due to bone marrow suppression, which can lead to bleeding problems.
Apart from CBC, other blood tests may also be performed to confirm lymphoma, such as a peripheral blood smear, which involves examining a sample of blood under a microscope to check for abnormal cells, and flow cytometry, which analyzes the characteristics of blood cells at a molecular level.
Cbc may show several abnormalities in patients with lymphoma, such as low RBC count, low Hb count, low Hct count, and low platelet count, depending on the stage and type of lymphoma. These abnormalities can assist in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
What is the first step in diagnosing lymphoma?
Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, which is a part of the body’s immune system. Lymphoma is diagnosed through several tests, including a physical examination, blood tests, imaging tests, and biopsy.
The first step in diagnosing lymphoma is typically a physical examination by a doctor or medical professional. During this examination, the doctor will look for any unusual lumps or swellings in the lymph nodes or other parts of the body that could indicate the presence of lymphoma. They will also ask about any symptoms the patient may be experiencing, such as unexplained weight loss, night sweats, fever, or fatigue.
After the physical examination, blood tests may be ordered to check for abnormalities in blood cell counts or to test for certain markers that are commonly associated with lymphoma.
Imaging tests, such as CT scans, PET scans, or MRIs, may also be ordered to help visualize the lymph nodes and other organs in the body and to detect any abnormalities.
Finally, a biopsy is often necessary to confirm a lymphoma diagnosis. During a biopsy, a small piece of tissue is removed from the lymph nodes or other affected area of the body and examined under a microscope for signs of cancer.
The first step in diagnosing lymphoma is a thorough physical examination followed by a series of tests to help determine if the patient has cancer and to determine the type and stage of the lymphoma if it is present.
When should you suspect lymphoma?
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is responsible for fighting infection and disease in the body. The lymphatic system is comprised of lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and lymphatic organs such as the spleen and thymus gland. Lymphoma occurs when cells in the lymphatic system grow abnormally and multiply uncontrollably.
The following are some signs and symptoms that may indicate lymphoma:
1. Swollen Lymph Nodes
One of the most common signs of lymphoma is the presence of enlarged lymph nodes. Lymph nodes can be found throughout the body, but the most commonly affected areas include the neck, armpit, and groin. These lymph nodes may feel soft, spongy, and painless, or they may be hard, firm, and painful to the touch.
2. Fatigue
Many people with lymphoma may experience extreme tiredness or fatigue, which is often not relieved by rest or sleep. This fatigue may be accompanied by other symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, and shortness of breath.
3. Unexplained Weight Loss
Unintentional weight loss is another common symptom of lymphoma. Patients may lose weight without trying, and they may also have a reduced appetite. This weight loss can be significant and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, night sweats, and chills.
4. Fever
Many patients with lymphoma may experience a fever that is not related to an infection. This fever may be low-grade or high-grade, depending on the severity of the disease. It may also come and go over a period of days or weeks.
5. Night Sweats
Night sweats are a common symptom of lymphoma and can be very severe. Patients may wake up drenched in sweat and may need to change their sheets or clothes. Night sweats may be accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and fatigue.
6. Itchy Skin
Lymphoma can cause itching in the skin, which can be mild to severe. The itching may occur throughout the body or may be limited to certain areas such as the scalp or arms.
7. Abdominal Pain
In some cases, lymphoma may cause pain or discomfort in the abdomen. This pain may be accompanied by other symptoms such as bloating, nausea, and diarrhea.
If you experience any of the above symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention right away. These symptoms can be indicative of not only lymphoma, but also other serious medical conditions. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a positive outcome. Your doctor may perform various tests, including blood tests, imaging studies, and biopsy, to determine whether lymphoma is present.
