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Has India got full freedom?

India gained independence from British colonial rule on August 15, 1947. However, the question of whether India has got full freedom is subjective and could be answered in different ways based on different perspectives.

In terms of political freedom, India has a functioning democracy, a constitution that guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, and regular elections that grant people the right to choose their representatives. However, there are concerns about the state of democracy in India, including the perceived erosion of institutions, the influence of money and muscle power in elections, and increasing polarization along religious and regional lines.

There have also been instances of curtailment of freedom of expression and dissent, including arrests of activists and journalists under vaguely worded laws such as sedition or anti-terrorism laws.

Economically, India has made significant progress in the past few decades, with a liberalized market, foreign investment, and GDP growth. However, the benefits of economic growth have not reached all sections of society equally. India still grapples with issues of poverty, income inequality, and lack of basic necessities such as food, education, and health care.

Additionally, many marginalized communities such as Dalits, Adivasis, and Muslims face discrimination and exclusion, limiting their access to resources and opportunities.

Socially, India has come a long way in terms of social justice and equality since independence. Discrimination based on caste, gender, and religion is legally prohibited, and there have been significant strides made in education, health care, and human development. However, there are still many instances of gender-based violence, atrocities against Dalits or other marginalized communities, and hate crimes against religious minorities.

Discrimination and prejudice continue to affect the daily lives of many Indians.

While India has come a long way in terms of political and social freedom since independence, there are still many challenges to overcome. Full freedom is a continuous process that requires sustained efforts to address the structural and institutional barriers that limit access to equal opportunities and justice for all.

Is India free after independence?

India achieved independence on August 15, 1947, after being under British rule for over 200 years. Although India was free from British rule, the country faced several challenges in the form of socio-economic and political issues that hindered the growth and development of the country. India had to undergo a series of changes and reforms to establish a stable government that could provide governance to such a vast and diverse country.

India has come a long way since its independence in 1947. The country has grown and developed in many areas, such as technology, education, healthcare, and infrastructure. India is also one of the world’s fastest-growing economies and has made significant progress in areas such as agriculture, industry, and services.

However, there are still many challenges that India faces.

One of the most critical challenges that India faces is poverty. Despite the country’s significant economic growth, a large part of the population still lives in poverty, lacks access to basic amenities such as food, education, healthcare, and clean water.

India also faces challenges in the form of corruption, income inequality, and social issues such as discrimination based on gender, caste, and religion. These issues hinder the progress of the country and prevent it from achieving its full potential.

However, India’s Constitution guarantees various rights and freedoms, including the freedom of speech, expression, and association. India is also a democratic country that holds free and fair elections, giving citizens the opportunity to choose their leaders.

India has made significant progress since its independence, but it still faces many challenges. India’s growth and development are still limited by social, economic, and political challenges that need to be addressed. Though India is free from colonial rule today, there are still battles to fight to ensure that India is a truly equal, democratic, and free country.

When was India a free country?

India became a free country on August 15, 1947, when the British rule over India officially ended. The Indian independence movement, led by several prominent leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, had been fighting for freedom from British colonial rule for decades.

The movement gained momentum in the early 20th century, and after several years of armed struggle, civil disobedience, and non-violent protests, India finally achieved its objective of becoming an independent nation.

The Partition of India, which was announced by the British government a few months before independence, resulted in the formation of two separate countries – India and Pakistan. This led to widespread communal violence, displacement of millions of people, and loss of life and property. The country had to overcome several challenges in the early years of independence, including economic hardship, unemployment, poverty, and political instability.

The government of India, led by the Indian National Congress, worked tirelessly to establish a democratic system, ensure equal rights and opportunities for all citizens, and promote social and economic development. These efforts bore fruit, and India slowly but steadily emerged as a global power, with a robust democracy, a thriving economy, and a diverse cultural landscape.

Today, India is one of the world’s largest democracies, with a population of over 1.3 billion people. It is a constitutional republic with a federal system of government, and its citizens enjoy fundamental rights and freedoms, including the right to vote, free speech, and freedom of religion. Despite some persistent challenges, such as poverty, corruption, and social inequality, India has made significant progress over the years, and the country continues to strive towards greater growth and development.

When did India lose her freedom?

India lost her freedom or sovereignty during the period of British rule, which lasted for nearly two centuries from 1757 to 1947. The British arrived in India in 1600 with the establishment of the East India Company’s trading post in Surat. But it was not until the Battle of Plassey in 1757 that they established their political control over India with the defeat of the last independent ruler of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daula, by Robert Clive.

After Plassey, the British began a process of territorial expansion and gradually extended their dominion over most of India.

The British Raj, as it was called, was characterized by a highly centralized and authoritarian colonial administration that wielded immense power over the Indian population. The British introduced various policies and laws to maintain their grip over India, including the Doctrine of Lapse, which allowed them to annex any Indian state where the ruler had no natural heir, and the Indian Penal Code, which criminalized many Indian customs and practices.

The British also placed severe restrictions on Indian industries, imposing high tariffs on Indian goods while flooding the Indian market with cheap British imports.

The Indian freedom struggle, led by figures like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhash Chandra Bose, gained momentum in the early part of the 20th century. The movement called for self-rule or swaraj and involved various methods of protests and civil disobedience, including the famous Salt Satyagraha, where Indians disobeyed the British Salt Law and produced salt themselves.

The movement drew widespread support from all sections of Indian society, including peasants, workers, and intellectuals.

Finally, in 1947, the British government agreed to grant India independence. The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament, which provided for the creation of two independent states, India and Pakistan. On August 15, 1947, India became an independent nation, marking the end of nearly 200 years of British rule.

India lost her freedom during the period of British rule, which lasted for nearly two centuries. The British Raj was characterized by a highly centralized and authoritarian colonial administration that wielded immense power over the Indian population. The Indian freedom struggle called for self-rule or swaraj and finally led to the independence of India in 1947.

How many years India was freedom?

India became free from British colonial rule on August 15, 1947. This day marks the end of almost 200 years of British rule in India. The freedom struggle of India was a long and arduous one, which started in the early 20th century with the formation of the Indian National Congress, which advocated peaceful resistance to the British Raj.

The non-cooperation movement, the civil disobedience movement, and the Quit India movement were some of the major movements that triggered the long-awaited freedom movement in India. Numerous freedom fighters, including Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bhagat Singh, and Subhash Chandra Bose, played a crucial role in India’s freedom struggle.

However, India’s freedom was not easy, as it resulted in the partition of the country into India and Pakistan, leading to one of the largest mass migrations in human history. The partition resulted in widespread violence, bloodshed, and displacement of millions of people.

Since India’s freedom, the country has progressed tremendously in several fields, transforming itself from a struggling economy to a leading player in the global arena. From the formation of the constitution to the gradual liberalization of the economy, India has come a long way over the past seven decades.

It has been 74 years since India’s independence, and the country has come a long way since then. India has undergone considerable economic and social changes, and today it is one of the fastest-growing economies and a leading player in technological advancement, space exploration, and military power.

Is India is a superpower?

India is a country that has a long and rich history, with a population of over 1.3 billion people, which makes it the second-most populous nation in the world. India is also one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and has a diverse economy, with strong sectors in agriculture, manufacturing, and technology.

However, the question of whether India is a superpower depends on how you define the term. A superpower is a country that has the ability to exercise significant influence over global affairs and possesses the military, economic, and diplomatic power to assert its interests on a global scale. By this definition, India is not currently a superpower, but it has the potential to become one in the future.

India’s economy is growing at a rapid pace, with a projected growth rate of over 11% in 2021. This growth has helped to lift millions of people out of poverty and has made India a major player in the global economy. However, India still faces significant challenges, such as poverty, inequality, and corruption, that must be addressed if it is to reach its full potential.

In terms of military power, India has the fourth-largest military in the world, with over 1.4 million active personnel. India has also made significant investments in its defense sector, including the development of advanced weaponry, fighter jets, and nuclear weapons. India’s military is also involved in a number of international peacekeeping operations, which contribute to its global influence.

India’s diplomatic power has also been on the rise in recent years, with the country playing an increasingly important role in global governance and multilateral organizations such as the United Nations. India has also developed strong relationships with other major powers such as the United States, China, and Russia.

While India is not currently a superpower, it has the potential to become one in the future. India’s strong economy, growing military power, and increasing diplomatic influence all suggest that it will continue to play a major role in global affairs in the decades to come. However, India must also address significant challenges such as poverty, inequality, and corruption if it is to reach its full potential as a global superpower.

Why India is not developed?

The question of why India is not developed is a complex one with no single answer. There are many factors that contribute to India’s current status as a developing country, including historical, political, social, economic, and cultural factors.

One of the primary reasons for India’s lack of development is its colonial past. India was ruled by the British for over 200 years, during which time the country was exploited for its resources and people. The British implemented policies that favored their own economic interests and hindered India’s economic growth.

For example, India’s textile industry, which had been a major contributor to the economy, was destroyed by British imports. The British also created a land-based tax system that made it difficult for Indian farmers to make a living.

India’s political system has also hindered its development. Corruption is rampant in Indian politics and government, and this has hindered progress in many areas, such as infrastructure development, education, and health care. Political gridlock and bureaucratic inefficiencies have also slowed down decision-making processes and hindered progress.

India’s social challenges also hinder its development. The country has a vast population with many poor and marginalized people who lack access to basic services such as health care, education, and sanitation. Discrimination based on caste, religion, and gender is also a major issue, and this limits opportunities for many people in India.

Economic factors also contribute to India’s lack of development. The country has a large informal economy, with many people working in low-paid jobs in agriculture, small-scale manufacturing, and services. The formal economy is dominated by a few large corporations, which often receive preferential treatment from the government.

This creates an uneven playing field for other businesses and limits economic growth. In addition, India’s infrastructure, including roads and transportation, is inadequate, which limits economic activity.

Finally, cultural factors also play a role in India’s lack of development. The country has a diverse and complex set of cultural traditions, which can make it difficult to implement reforms or policies that are perceived to challenge traditional values. This can create resistance to change and limit progress.

There is no easy solution to India’s development challenges. However, addressing political corruption, discrimination, and structural weaknesses in the economy and society are critical first steps. Investment in education, health care, and infrastructure is also vital. the key to India’s future development lies in addressing these complex issues and forging a path toward a more just and equitable society.

Which country is oldest India or China?

The question of which country is older, India or China, is a deeply debated topic among scholars and historians. While both countries have a long and rich history, tracing their roots back thousands of years, it is difficult to definitively declare one as older than the other.

India, often considered the birthplace of ancient civilization, has a history that dates back more than 5,000 years. The Indus Valley Civilization, which emerged around the third millennium BCE in what is now modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, is one of the earliest known civilizations of the world.

Ancient Indian civilization produced some of the most significant and influential texts in the history of human thought like the Vedas, Mahabharata, Ramayana and Yoga Sutras.

On the other hand, China boasts of a long and ancient civilization that can be traced back at least 4,000 years. The Xia dynasty, which is believed to have ruled from around 2100 BCE to 1600 BCE, is regarded as China’s first dynasty. Chinese civilization has witnessed many great dynasties, including the Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang, and Ming dynasties, each of which has left an indelible mark on Chinese culture, art, literature, poetry and philosophy.

Beyond ancient civilizations, both India and China have played crucial roles in world history, politics, and economics. India was a crucial center of Buddhism, which is one of the world’s major religions, and was renowned for its wealth, trade, art, culture, trading routes, literature and philosophy.

China, on the other hand, was known for its extensive trading networks and was a significant player in the global economy even before Columbus set foot in the Americas, and from early on was developing its philosophy systems with the likes of Confucianism and Taoism.

Therefore, it is difficult to pinpoint which country is older as both India and China have rich historical and cultural backgrounds that have contributed significantly to the development of human civilization. However, it is essential to recognize and appreciate the influence that both India and China have had on the world, shaping global culture, politics, religion, and intellectual development.

Is India still under British rule?

No, India is not under British rule anymore. India gained its independence from the British Empire on August 15, 1947. This decision was made by the Indian National Congress, led by Mahatma Gandhi, after years of struggle and peaceful protests against British colonial rule.

India was under British rule for over 200 years, from 1757 to 1947, first as a colony of the East India Company and later as a British Dominion. During this time, the British had control over India’s economy, administration, and politics. They exploited India’s resources and people for their own benefit, which led to widespread poverty and social injustice.

The Indian people, led by freedom fighters like Gandhi and Subhash Chandra Bose, fought for their rights and demanded independence.

Finally, in 1947, the British government passed the Indian Independence Act which granted India its independence. This marked the end of the British Raj and the beginning of a new era for India. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of independent India, and the country adopted a democratic constitution that guaranteed equal rights for all citizens.

Since then, India has faced several challenges but has emerged as a strong and vibrant democracy, with a thriving economy and diverse culture. Today, India is one of the world’s largest democracies, home to more than 1.3 billion people, and is a major player on the global stage. While the legacy of British colonial rule is still felt in many aspects of Indian society, India is no longer under British rule and has charted its own course towards progress and development.

Which British law are still used in India?

India was under British colonial rule for over 200 years, which has had a significant impact on its legal system. Even though India gained independence from British rule, it still retains some British laws or legal principles in its legal system. This is primarily because of the influence of British law during colonial times and its adoption by the Indian government after independence.

One of the most significant British laws that is still used in India is the Indian Penal Code (IPC). The IPC was originally drafted in 1860 by the British and was adopted by the Indian government after independence. It is the main criminal code in India and covers a wide range of offenses, such as murder, theft, and fraud.

Another important British law still used in India is the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). The CrPC provides guidelines for criminal procedures in Indian courts, including arrest, bail, investigation, and trial. The CrPC was also drafted by the British and was adopted by the Indian Parliament in 1973.

The Evidence Act of 1872 is another British law still used in India. This act sets out the rules for the admissibility of evidence in Indian courts. While the act has been amended since it was first introduced, many of its provisions still remain in place today.

The Contract Act of 1872 is also a British law still in use in Indian law. This act governs contracts in India, including their formation, performance, and breach. The act has been amended several times but still retains many of its original provisions.

Apart from these four British laws, the Indian legal system also retains many other British legal principles, such as the principle of stare decisis (which means that courts are bound by precedents established by higher courts) and the principle of judicial review (which empowers courts to declare laws unconstitutional if they violate the Indian Constitution).

While India has made significant legal reforms since gaining independence, it still retains several British laws and legal principles in its legal system. This is a testament to the enduring influence of British colonial rule on India’s legal system.

Does the Indian Act still exist today?

Yes, the Indian Act still exists today in Canada. It was first introduced in 1876 and has gone through numerous amendments since then, but its basic structure remains intact. The Indian Act is a federal law that governs the relationship between the Canadian government and Indigenous peoples in Canada.

It contains a set of provisions that defines who is, and who is not, considered an Indian under Canadian law, and outlines the rights and benefits that are available to Indigenous peoples.

The Indian Act has been criticized for a number of reasons. One criticism is that it is overly paternalistic and restricts the ability of Indigenous peoples to govern their own affairs. For example, the Act established a system of residential schools for Indigenous children that were designed to assimilate them into Canadian society.

These schools were notorious for their abusive treatment of students and had a devastating impact on Indigenous communities.

Another criticism of the Indian Act is that it has been used to restrict the economic, social, and political rights of Indigenous peoples. For example, the Act initially prohibited Indigenous peoples from engaging in certain cultural practices, such as the potlatch, which was an important ceremonial event in many Indigenous communities.

The Act has also been used to restrict Indigenous peoples’ access to their traditional lands and resources.

Despite these criticisms, the Indian Act remains an important piece of legislation in Canada today. It continues to define the legal relationship between the Canadian government and Indigenous peoples, and its provisions have a significant impact on the lives of Indigenous peoples across the country.

While there have been some efforts to reform the Act in recent years, including the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Act has proven to be a deeply entrenched and controversial piece of legislation.

How many years does British rule in India?

British rule in India lasted for approximately 200 years, from the establishment of the British East India Company in 1757 till India gained its independence in 1947. During this period, India underwent significant political, social, and economic changes, so much so that it would never be the same again.

The early years of British rule were characterized by military expansion, political control, and the establishment of the Company’s monopoly over trade with India. The Company’s mercantile interests took precedence, and the exploitation of India’s resources, including textiles, indigo, and opium, became the primary goal.

The East India Company expanded its territories through diplomacy and force, often annexing princely states under its control, such as Sindh, Awadh, and Punjab.

Starting from the mid-19th century, Indian society underwent significant changes due to the impact of British rule. Missionaries arrived in India, bringing with them Western education and modern ideas. The Indian middle class started getting exposure to thoughts about democracy, nationalism, and the concepts of liberty and equality.

Indians started demanding their rights and questioning British authority, which led to the rise of the Indian nationalist movement. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhash Chandra Bose became popular figures in the Indian political landscape, leading various campaigns and movements.

The British colonial government reacted to the burgeoning nationalist movement by enacting repressive laws and using force when necessary. The partition of Bengal in 1905 sparked mass protests and led to the birth of the Indian National Congress, which became the main force of the Indian independence movement.

The coming years witnessed various acts of protests, civil disobedience movements, and non-cooperation movements, leading up to the Quit India movement of 1942, which called for the immediate end of British rule in India.

As World War II was ending, the British government could no longer keep up with the demands for an independent India. In August 1947, India finally achieved its hard-fought independence, and the country was divided into two separate, independent dominions of India and Pakistan. While India realized its long-cherished desire for self-rule, the partition led to communal violence and displacement of millions, which remains one of the darkest chapters of India’s history.

British rule in India brought about significant changes that impacted India’s culture, society, and economy. The period was marked by exploitation, repression, and resistance, leading to India’s eventual independence. These years of colonization represent a highly critical moment in India’s history, and their effects continue to resonate even in the present times.

What kind of law was used in England and is still used today which is based on both precedents & Customs?

The kind of law used in England, and still used today, which is based on both precedents and customs is known as common law. Common law refers to the body of law that has been developed by courts over time, rather than through written laws or codes. It is a legal system that relies heavily on judicial decisions and precedents, rather than legislation or statutes.

The origins of common law can be traced back to medieval England, where the monarch issued royal decrees and judges enforced them, creating case law through legal opinions. Judges applied established legal principles to specific cases, creating a body of legal precedent that became binding in similar cases.

Over time, common law became the legal foundation of England, influencing other English-speaking countries, including the United States, Canada, and Australia.

Today, common law still plays a significant role in the English legal system. It is used to interpret statutes, resolve disputes, and determine the outcome of legal cases. It is also used to determine the validity of legal claims, such as negligence or breach of contract, and to decide liability in civil cases.

Customs, or traditional practices and beliefs, also play a role in shaping common law. Common law evolves in response to changing social contexts and norms, and often incorporates customs and traditions associated with particular cultures or communities. For example, the common law recognizes certain cultural practices, such as marriage and inheritance practices, that have been established through custom and usage.

Common law is a legal system that is based on judicial decisions and precedents, rather than statutes or legislation. It has its origins in medieval England, and remains an important part of the English legal system today. Customs also play a role in shaping common law, reflecting the evolving social practices and cultural traditions of the society in which it operates.

Which is the oldest act still in force in India?

The oldest act still in force in India is the Indian Contract Act, 1872. This act was passed by the British colonial government in response to the need for a comprehensive law that could govern and regulate contracts in India.

The Indian Contract Act, 1872 has been in force for over 150 years, making it the oldest act still in operation in India. The act is an essential piece of legislation that governs the formation, performance, and enforcement of contracts in India. It defines the essential elements of a valid contract, such as offer, acceptance, consideration, competency, and legality of object.

The Indian Contract Act, 1872 was a significant advancement in the legal system of India, as it introduced various new concepts and procedures for forming contracts. It provided a detailed framework for enforceable contracts, which was much needed in a country with a vast, diverse population and a complex legal system.

The act has undergone several amendments over the years to keep it relevant and up-to-date with the changing needs of society. However, the fundamental principles and provisions of the act have remained unchanged, and it continues to be one of the most important and oldest legal acts in the country.

The Indian Contract Act, 1872 is the oldest act still in force in India. It is a vital piece of legislation that governs contracts in the country and has remained relevant over the years due to its ability to accommodate changes and adapt to the dynamic legal and social landscape of India.

Is English common law still used today?

Yes, English common law is still used today in many countries, including the UK, Australia, Canada, India, and the United States. Common law is a legal tradition that dates back to the medieval era and it has evolved over time through judicial precedent and legal interpretation. This means that common law consists of principles and rules that have been established by previous court rulings, rather than being written into statute law.

The advantage of common law is its flexibility and adaptability. As society changes and new situations arise, common law allows for judges and lawyers to apply previously established principles and rules to new cases. This ensures that the law remains relevant to modern society.

In contrast to common law, civil law systems are based on written statutes and codifications, and rely less on judicial precedent. While civil law is predominant in many European and Latin American countries, it is worth noting that even some of these countries have incorporated some elements of common law in their legal systems.

English common law is still used extensively today and will continue to be used as it adapts to the needs of society. Its flexibility and evolution over time have made it an essential foundation of many legal systems around the world.

Resources

  1. Did India really achieve freedom in 1947? – Deccan Herald
  2. Independence Day (India) – Wikipedia
  3. Independence Day (India) | History, Date, & Facts | Britannica
  4. Indian Independence Facts For Kids – DK Find Out!
  5. India’s Independence: About – LibGuides at The Westport Library